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Ngaruahine Claims Settlement Bill (Consistent) (Sections 5, 7, 19, 20, 27) [2015] NZBORARp 3 (24 February 2015)

Last Updated: 17 January 2019

Ngāruahine Claims Settlement Bill

24 February 2015

Attorney-General

Ngāruahine Claims Settlement Bill (PCO 17855/1.26) – Consistency with the New Zealand

Bill of Rights Act 1990

Our Ref: ATT395/219

1. We have considered the above Bill for consistency with the New Zealand Bill of Rights Act

1990 (the Bill of Rights Act). We advise that the Bill appears to be consistent with the Bill of

Rights Act.

2. The Bill will effect a final settlement of the Ngāruahine historical claims as defined in the Bill. [1] It provides for acknowledgements and an apology to Ngāruahine as well as for cultural and commercial redress. Measures for cultural redress include the issue of protocols; statutory acknowledgment and deeds of recognition; a declaration of overlay classification; vesting of cultural redress properties in fee simple, some to be administered as reserves; a kaitiaki plan; and representation on some committees of the Taranaki Regional Council. The missing clause 8 is appended.

Whether s 19 at issue

3. The Bill does not prima facie limit the right to freedom from discrimination affirmed by s

19 of the Bill of Rights Act through conferring assets or rights on Ngāruahine that are not conferred on other people. Discrimination arises only if there is a difference in treatment on the basis of one of the prohibited grounds of discrimination between those in comparable circumstances. In the context of this settlement, which addresses specified historical claims brought by Ngāruahine, no other persons or groups who are not party to those claims are in comparable circumstances to the recipients of the entitlements under the Bill. No differential treatment for the purpose of s 19 therefore arises by excluding others from the entitlements conferred under the Bill.

Issues under ss 20 and 27(2) - Privative clause

4. The Bill provides in cl 15 that the settlement of the historical claims is final and excludes the jurisdiction of any court, tribunal or other judicial body to consider the settlement and historical claims, other than in respect of the interpretation or implementation of the Deed of Settlement or the Ngāruahine Claims Settlement Act.

5. Legislative determination ought not conventionally to fall within the scope of judicial review. [2] However, to the extent any excluded matters could be susceptible to judicial review, cl 15 constitutes a justified limit under s 5 of the Bill of Rights Act on the right affirmed by s 27(2). Excluding subsequent challenge is a legitimate incident of the negotiated settlement of claims.

6. To the extent the exclusion of subsequent challenge could be said to limit a claimant’s

minority rights under s 20 of the Bill of Rights Act, this would be justified on the same basis.

7. The United Nations Human Rights Committee upheld a similar exclusion under the 1992

Fisheries Settlement. The Committee found the exclusion was consistent with articles 14 and 27 of the International Covenant of Civil and Political Rights, which are comparable to ss

20 and 27(2) of the Bill of Rights Act. [3]

Whether s 27(3) at issue

8. Clause 24(3) of the Bill excludes damages and other forms of monetary compensation as a remedy for any failure by the Crown to comply with a protocol under the Bill.

9. This clause may be seen to raise the issue of compliance with s 27(3) of the Bill of Rights Act, namely the right to bring civil proceedings against the Crown and have those heard according to law in the same way as civil proceedings between individuals. However, cl

24(3) affects the substantive law and does not fall within the ambit of s 27(3) of the Bill of

Rights, which protects procedural rights. [4]

Review of this advice

10. This advice has been reviewed in accordance with Crown Law protocol by Kristina

Muller, Crown Counsel.

Debra Harris

Crown Counsel

Disclaimer

In addition to the general disclaimer for all documents on this website, please note the following: This advice was prepared to assist the Attorney-General to determine whether a report should be made to Parliament under s 7 of the New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990 in relation to the Ngāruahine Claims Settlement Bill. It should not be used or acted upon for any other purpose. The advice does no more than assess whether the Bill complies with the minimum guarantees contained in the New Zealand Bill of Rights Act. The release of this advice should not be taken to indicate that the Attorney-General agrees with all aspects of it, nor does its release constitute a general waiver of legal professional privilege in respect

of this or any other matter. Whilst care has been taken to ensure that this document is an

accurate reproduction of the advice provided to the Attorney-General, neither the Ministry of Justice nor the Crown Law Office accepts any liability for any errors or omissions.

Footnotes

[1] Clause 13 defines Ngāruahine, cl 14 defines the historical claims.

[2] Westco Lagan Limited v Attorney-General [2000] NZHC 1350; [2001] 1 NZLR 40 (HC).

[3] Apirana Mahuika v New Zealand Communication Number 547/1993 UN Doc

CCPR/C/70/D/547/1993 (2000).

[4] Westco Lagan Ltd v Attorney-General [2000] NZHC 1350; [2001] 1 NZLR 40, 55: “[s]ection 27(3) ... cannot restrict the power of the legislature to determine what substantive rights the Crown is to have. Section 27(3) merely directs that the Crown shall have no procedural advantage in any proceeding to enforce rights if such rights exist.”